• There
are 44 sounds in English.
• 24
consonants
• 20
vowels which are further divided into pure vowels and diphthongs.
• 12
Pure vowels (monophthongs)
• 5 long
vowels
• 7 short vowels.
• 8
Diphthongs
Short vowels-7
• ɪ pit
• e pet
• æ pat
• ʌ fun
• ɒ pot
• ʊ put
• ǝ another
Long vowels-5
• iː
bean
• ɑː barn
• ɔː born
• uː boon
• ɜː burn
Diphthongs-8
• ɪǝ peer
• eǝ pair
• ʊǝ poor
• eɪ bay
• aɪ buy
• ɔɪ boy
• ǝʊ no
• aʊ now
Consonants
• Plosives 6
• Nasals 3
• Fricatives 9
• Affricates 2
• Approximants 4
Plosive sounds
• p
pin
• b bin
• t tin
• d din
• k kin
• g gum
Nasal sounds
• m
sum
• n
sun
• ŋ
sung
Fricative sounds
• f fine
• v vine
• θ think
• ð this
• s seal
• z zeal
• ʃ
sheep
• ʒ measure
• h how
Affricate sounds
• ʧ chain
• ʤ Judge
Approximant sounds
• l light
• r
right
• w wet
• j
yet
Let’s sum up
• Vowels:
• Long
vowels iː ɑː
ɔː uː ɜː
• Short
vowels ɪ e
æ ʌ ɒ ʊ ǝ
• Diphthongs eɪ
aɪ ɔɪ ǝʊ aʊ ɪǝ
eǝ ʊǝ
• Consonants:
• Plosives p
b t d
k g
• Nasals m n
ŋ
• Fricatives f
v θ ð s
z ʃ ʒ h
• Affricates ʧ ʤ
• Approximants l
r w j