"Ulysses" is a poem written by Alfred,
Lord Tennyson, and was published in 1842 during the Victorian era. The poem is
a monologue spoken by the mythological hero Ulysses (also known as Odysseus) as
he reflects on his life and his desire for adventure and exploration.
As a Victorian poem, "Ulysses" reflects
many of the values and attitudes of the era, such as the belief in progress,
the importance of duty and responsibility, and the idea of the individual
striving to achieve greatness. The poem also embodies the Victorian ideal of
the heroic individual who overcomes obstacles to achieve his goals.
At the same time, "Ulysses" challenges
some of the Victorian era's social and cultural norms. Ulysses rejects the idea
of retiring to a life of ease and comfort, which was a common expectation for
individuals of a certain age and status during the Victorian era. Instead,
Ulysses expresses a desire to continue exploring and discovering new things,
even in old age.
In addition, Ulysses' desire for adventure and
exploration can be seen as a rejection of the narrow confines of Victorian
society and its emphasis on conventionality and propriety. The poem also
highlights the tension between the individual and society, as Ulysses asserts
his own desires and goals in the face of societal expectations.
Ulysses expresses his desire for adventure and
exploration in the following lines:
"I cannot rest from travel: I will drink
Life to the lees: All times I have enjoy'd
Greatly, have suffer'd greatly, both with those
That loved me, and alone, on shore, and when
Thro' scudding drifts the rainy Hyades
Vext the dim sea: I am become a name"
These lines convey Ulysses' restlessness and his
thirst for adventure and new experiences, which was a common desire among many
Victorians. The reference to the "rainy Hyades" also suggests the
idea of overcoming adversity and challenges.
Furthermore, the idea of duty and responsibility is
also reflected in the poem, as Ulysses struggles with his sense of obligation
to his kingdom and his desire to explore:
"How dull it is to pause, to make an end,
To rust unburnish'd, not to shine in use!
As tho' to breathe were life.
Life piled on life Were all too little, and of one to me
Little remains: but every hour is saved
From that eternal silence, something more,
A bringer of new things"
These lines convey Ulysses' desire to continue
living life to the fullest, even though he is growing old and has fulfilled his
responsibilities to his kingdom. The idea of constantly striving for new
experiences and pushing oneself to new limits was a common theme in Victorian
literature and society.
Ulysses can be seen as a quintessentially Victorian
poem, which reflects the values and concerns of the era through the character
of Ulysses and his struggles with duty, responsibility, and the desire for
adventure and exploration.